聖經365恩典之旅

.本日經文提要:( 利未記 11:1~13:59 )

.耶和華對摩西亞倫告知世上萬物那些不能吃?原因為何?
.以色列人為何要行割禮?   

利11:1耶和華對摩西亞倫說：
利11:2你們曉諭以色列人說：在地上一切走獸中可吃的，乃是這些。
利11:3凡蹄分兩瓣，倒嚼的走獸，你們都可以吃。
利11:4但那倒嚼，或分蹄之中不可吃的，乃是駱駝，因為倒嚼不分蹄，就與你們不潔淨。
利11:5沙番，因為倒嚼不分蹄，就與你們不潔淨。
利11:6兔子，因為倒嚼不分蹄，就與你們不潔淨。
利11:7豬，因為蹄分兩瓣，卻不倒嚼，就與你們不潔淨。
利11:8這些獸的肉，你們不可吃，死的你們不可摸，都與你們不潔淨。
利11:9水中可吃的，乃是這些，凡在水裡，海裡，河裡，有翅有鱗的，都可以吃。
利11:10凡在海裡，河裡，並一切水裡游動的活物，無翅無鱗的，你們都當以為可憎。
利11:11這些無翅無鱗以為可憎的，你們不可吃他的肉，死的也當以為可憎。
利11:12凡水裡無翅無鱗的，你們都當以為可憎。
利11:13雀鳥中你們當以為可憎，不可吃的，乃是鵰，狗頭鵰，紅頭鵰，
利11:14鷂鷹，小鷹，與其類。
利11:15烏鴉，與其類。
利11:16鴕鳥，夜鷹，魚鷹，鷹，與其類。
利11:17鴞鳥，鸕鶿，貓頭鷹，
利11:18角鴟，鵜鶘，禿鵰，
利11:19鸛，鷺鷥，與其類，戴鵀，與蝙蝠。
利11:20凡有翅膀用四足爬行的物，你們都當以為可憎。
利11:21只是有翅膀用四足爬行的物中，有足有腿，在地上跳的，你們還可以吃。
利11:22其中有蝗蟲，螞蚱，蟋蟀，與其類，蚱蜢，與其類，這些你們都可以吃。
利11:23但是有翅膀有四足的爬物，你們都當以為可憎。
利11:24這些都能使你們不潔淨，凡摸了死的，必不潔淨到晚上。
利11:25凡拿了死的，必不潔淨到晚上，並要洗衣服。
利11:26凡走獸分蹄不成兩瓣，也不倒嚼的，是與你們不潔淨，凡摸了的，就不潔淨。
利11:27凡四足的走獸，用掌行走的，是與你們不潔淨，摸其屍的，必不潔淨到晚上。
利11:28拿其屍的，必不潔淨到晚上，並要洗衣服，這些是與你們不潔淨的。
利11:29地上爬物，與你們不潔淨的，乃是這些，鼬鼠，鼫鼠，蜥蜴，與其類。
利11:30壁虎，龍子，守宮，蛇醫，蝘蜓。
利11:31這些爬物，都是與你們不潔淨的，在他死了以後，凡摸了的，必不潔淨到晚上。
利11:32其中死了的掉在甚麼東西上，這東西就不潔淨，無論是木器，衣服，皮子，口袋，不拘是作甚麼工用的器皿，須要放在水中，必不潔淨到晚上，到晚上才潔淨了。
利11:33若有死了掉在瓦器裡的，其中不拘有甚麼，就不潔淨，你們要把這瓦器打破了。
利11:34其中一切可吃的食物，沾水的就不潔淨，並且那樣器皿中一切可喝的，也必不潔淨。
利11:35其中已死的，若有一點掉在甚麼物件上，那物件就不潔淨，不拘是爐子，是鍋臺，就要打碎，都不潔淨，也必與你們不潔淨。
利11:36但是泉源，或是聚水的池子，仍是潔淨，惟挨了那死的，就不潔淨。
利11:37若是死的，有一點掉在要種的子粒上，子粒仍是潔淨。
利11:38若水已經澆在子粒上，那死的有一點掉在上頭，這子粒就與你們不潔淨。
利11:39你們可吃的走獸，若是死了，有人摸他，必不潔淨到晚上。
利11:40有人吃那死了的走獸，必不潔淨到晚上，並要洗衣服，拿了死走獸的，必不潔淨到晚上，並要洗衣服。
利11:41凡地上的爬物，是可憎的都不可吃。
利11:42凡用肚子行走的，和用四足行走的，或是有許多足的，就是一切爬在地上的，你們都不可吃，因為是可憎的。
利11:43你們不可因甚麼爬物，使自己成為可憎的，也不可因這些使自己不潔淨，以致染了污穢。
利11:44我是耶和華你們的神，所以你們要成為聖潔，因為我是聖潔的，你們也不可在地上的爬物污穢自己。
利11:45我是把你們從埃及地領出來的耶和華，要作你們的神，所以你們要聖潔，因為我是聖潔的。
利11:46這是走獸，飛鳥，和水中游動的活物，並地上爬物的條例。
利11:47要把潔淨的，和不潔淨的，可吃的，與不可吃的活物，都分別出來。

利12:1耶和華對摩西說：
利12:2你曉諭以色列人說：若有婦人懷孕生男孩，他就不潔淨七天，像在月經污穢的日子不潔淨一樣。
利12:3第八天要給嬰孩行割禮。
利12:4婦人在產血不潔之中，要家居三十三天，他潔淨的日子未滿，不可摸聖物，也不可進入聖所。
利12:5他若生女孩，就不潔淨兩個七天，像污穢的時候一樣，要在產血不潔之中，家居六十六天。
利12:6滿了潔淨的日子，無論是為男孩，是為女孩，他要把一歲的羊羔為燔祭，一隻雛鴿，或是一隻斑鳩為贖罪祭，帶到會幕門口，交給祭司。
利12:7祭司要獻在耶和華面前，為他贖罪，他的血源就潔淨了，這條例是為生育的婦人，無論是生男生女。
利12:8他的力量若不夠獻一隻羊羔，他就要取兩隻斑鳩，或是兩隻雛鴿，一隻為燔祭，一隻為贖罪祭，祭司要為他贖罪，他就潔淨了。
利13:1耶和華曉諭摩西亞倫說：
利13:2人的肉皮上若長了癤子，或長了癬，或長了火斑，在他肉皮上成了大痲瘋的災病，就要將他帶到祭司亞倫，或亞倫作祭司的一個子孫面前。
利13:3祭司要察看肉皮上的災病，若災病處的毛，已經變白，災病的現象，深於肉上的皮，這便是大痲瘋的災病，祭司要察看他，定他為不潔淨。
利13:4若火斑在他肉皮上是白的，現象不深於皮，其上的毛也沒有變白，祭司就要將有災病的人關鎖七天。
利13:5第七天祭司要察看他，若看災病止住了，沒有在皮上發散，祭司還要將他關鎖七天。
利13:6第七天祭司要再察看他，若災病發暗，而且沒有在皮上發散，祭司要定他為潔淨，原來是癬，那人就要洗衣服，得為潔淨。
利13:7但他為得潔淨，將身體給祭司察看以後，癬若在皮上發散開了，他要再將身體給祭司察看。
利13:8祭司要察看，癬若在皮上發散，就要定他為不潔淨，是大痲瘋。
利13:9人有了大痲瘋的災病，就要將他帶到祭司面前。
利13:10祭司要察看，皮上若長了白癤，使毛變白，在長白癤之處有了紅瘀肉，
利13:11這是肉皮上的舊大痲瘋，祭司要定他為不潔淨，不用將他關鎖，因為他是不潔淨了。
利13:12大痲瘋若在皮上四外發散，長滿了患災病人的皮，據祭司察看，從頭到腳無處不有，
利13:13祭司就要察看，全身的肉，若長滿了大痲瘋，就要定那患災病的為潔淨，全身都變為白，他乃潔淨了。
利13:14但紅肉幾時顯在他的身上，就幾時不潔淨。
利13:15祭司一看那紅肉，就定他為不潔淨，紅肉本是不潔淨，是大痲瘋。
利13:16紅肉若復原，又變白了，他就要來見祭司。
利13:17祭司要察看，災病處若變白了，祭司就要定那患災病的為潔淨，他乃潔淨了。
利13:18人若在皮肉上長瘡，卻治好了，
利13:19在長瘡之處又起了白癤，或是白中帶紅的火斑，就要給祭司察看。
利13:20祭司要察看，若現象窪於皮，其上的毛也變白了，就要定他為不潔淨，是大痲瘋的災病發在瘡中。
利13:21祭司若察看，其上沒有白毛，也沒有窪於皮，乃是發暗，就要將他關鎖七天。
利13:22若在皮上發散開了，祭司就要定他為不潔淨，是災病。
利13:23火斑若在原處止住，沒有發散，便是瘡的痕跡，祭司就要定他為潔淨。
利13:24人的皮肉上若起了火毒，火毒的瘀肉成了火斑，或是白中帶紅的，或是全白的，
利13:25祭司就要察看，火斑中的毛若變白了，現象又深於皮，是大痲瘋在火毒中發出，就要定他為不潔淨，是大痲瘋的災病。
利13:26但是祭司察看，在火斑中若沒有白毛，也沒有窪於皮，乃是發暗，就要將他關鎖七天。
利13:27到第七天祭司要察看他，火斑若在皮上發散開了，就要定他為不潔淨，是大痲瘋的災病。
利13:28火斑若在原處止住，沒有在皮上發散，乃是發暗，是起的火毒，祭司要定他為潔淨，不過是火毒的痕跡。
利13:29無論男女，若在頭上有災病，或是男人鬍鬚上有災病，
利13:30祭司就要察看，這災病現象若深於皮，其間有細黃毛，就要定他為不潔淨，這是頭疥，是頭上，或是鬍鬚上的大痲瘋。
利13:31祭司若察看頭疥的災病，現象不深於皮，其間也沒有黑毛，就要將長頭疥災病的關鎖七天。
利13:32第七天祭司要察看災病，若頭疥沒有發散，其間也沒有黃毛，頭疥的現象不深於皮，
利13:33那人就要剃去鬚髮，但他不可剃頭疥之處，祭司要將那長頭疥的，再關鎖七天。
利13:34第七天祭司要察看頭疥，頭疥若沒有在皮上發散，現象也不深於皮，就要定他為潔淨，他要洗衣服，便成為潔淨。
利13:35但他得潔淨以後，頭疥若在皮上發散開了，
利13:36祭司就要察看他，頭疥若在皮上發散，就不必找那黃毛，他是不潔淨了。
利13:37祭司若看頭疥已經止住，其間也長了黑毛，頭疥已然痊愈，那人是潔淨了，就要定他為潔淨。
利13:38無論男女，皮肉上若起了火斑，就是白火斑，
利13:39祭司就要察看，他們肉皮上的火斑，若白中帶黑，這是皮上發出的白癬，那人是潔淨了。
利13:40人頭上的髮若掉了，他不過是頭禿，還是潔淨。
利13:41他頂前若掉了頭髮，他不過是頂門禿，還是潔淨。
利13:42頭禿處，或是頂門禿處，若有白中帶紅的災病，這就是大痲瘋，發在他頭禿處，或是頂門禿處。
利13:43祭司就要察看，他起的那災病，若在頭禿處，或是頂門禿處，有白中帶紅的，像肉皮上大痲瘋的現象。
利13:44那人就是長大痲瘋不潔淨的，祭司總要定他為不潔淨，他的災病是在頭上。
利13:45身上有長大痲瘋災病的，他的衣服要撕裂，也要蓬頭散髮，蒙著上唇，喊叫說：不潔淨了，不潔淨了。
利13:46災病在他身上的日子，他便是不潔淨，他既是不潔淨，就要獨居營外。
利13:47染了大痲瘋災病的衣服，無論是羊毛衣服，是麻布衣服，
利13:48無論是在經上，在緯上，是麻布的，是羊毛的，是在皮子上，或在皮子作的甚麼物件上，
利13:49或在衣服上，皮子上，經上，緯上，或在皮子作的甚麼物件上，這災病若是發綠，或是發紅，是大痲瘋的災病，要給祭司察看。
利13:50祭司就要察看那災病，把染了災病的物件，關鎖七天。
利13:51第七天他要察看那災病，災病或在衣服上，經上，緯上，皮子上，若發散，這皮子無論當作何用，這災病是蠶食的大痲瘋，都是不潔淨了。
利13:52那染了災病的衣服，或是經上，緯上，羊毛上，麻衣上，或是皮子作的甚麼物件上，他都要焚燒，因為這是蠶食的大痲瘋，必在火中焚燒。
利13:53祭司要察看，若災病在衣服上，經上，緯上，或是皮子作的甚麼物件上，沒有發散。
利13:54祭司就要吩咐他們，把染了災病的物件洗了，再關鎖七天。
利13:55洗過以後，祭司要察看，那物件若沒有變色，災病也沒有消散，那物件就不潔淨，是透重的災病，無論正面反面，都要在火中焚燒。
利13:56洗過以後，祭司要察看，若見那災病發暗，他就要把那災病從衣服上，皮子上，經上，緯上，都撕去。
利13:57若仍現在衣服上，或是經上，緯上，皮子作的甚麼物件上，這就是災病又發了，必用火焚燒那染災病的物件。
利13:58所洗的衣服，或是經，或是緯，或是皮子作的甚麼物件，若災病離開了，要再洗，就潔淨了。
利13:59這就是大痲瘋災病的條例，無論是在羊毛衣服上，麻布衣服上，經上，緯上，和皮子作的甚麼物件上，可以定為潔淨，或是不潔淨。

 

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Leviticus 11 

Clean and Unclean Food

11 The Lord said to Moses and Aaron, 2 “Say to the Israelites: ‘Of all the animals that live on land, these are the ones you may eat: 3 You may eat any animal that has a divided hoof and that chews the cud.

4 “‘There are some that only chew the cud or only have a divided hoof, but you must not eat them. The camel, though it chews the cud, does not have a divided hoof; it is ceremonially unclean for you. 5 The hyrax, though it chews the cud, does not have a divided hoof; it is unclean for you. 6 The rabbit, though it chews the cud, does not have a divided hoof; it is unclean for you. 7 And the pig, though it has a divided hoof, does not chew the cud; it is unclean for you. 8 You must not eat their meat or touch their carcasses; they are unclean for you.

9 “‘Of all the creatures living in the water of the seas and the streams you may eat any that have fins and scales. 10 But all creatures in the seas or streams that do not have fins and scales—whether among all the swarming things or among all the other living creatures in the water—you are to regard as unclean. 11 And since you are to regard them as unclean, you must not eat their meat; you must regard their carcasses as unclean. 12 Anything living in the water that does not have fins and scales is to be regarded as unclean by you.

13 “‘These are the birds you are to regard as unclean and not eat because they are unclean: the eagle,[a] the vulture, the black vulture, 14 the red kite, any kind of black kite, 15 any kind of raven, 16 the horned owl, the screech owl, the gull, any kind of hawk, 17 the little owl, the cormorant, the great owl, 18 the white owl, the desert owl, the osprey, 19 the stork, any kind of heron, the hoopoe and the bat.

20 “‘All flying insects that walk on all fours are to be regarded as unclean by you. 21 There are, however, some flying insects that walk on all fours that you may eat: those that have jointed legs for hopping on the ground. 22 Of these you may eat any kind of locust, katydid, cricket or grasshopper. 23 But all other flying insects that have four legs you are to regard as unclean.

24 “‘You will make yourselves unclean by these; whoever touches their carcasses will be unclean till evening. 25 Whoever picks up one of their carcasses must wash their clothes, and they will be unclean till evening.

26 “‘Every animal that does not have a divided hoof or that does not chew the cud is unclean for you; whoever touches the carcass of any of them will be unclean. 27 Of all the animals that walk on all fours, those that walk on their paws are unclean for you; whoever touches their carcasses will be unclean till evening. 28 Anyone who picks up their carcasses must wash their clothes, and they will be unclean till evening. These animals are unclean for you.

29 “‘Of the animals that move along the ground, these are unclean for you: the weasel, the rat, any kind of great lizard, 30 the gecko, the monitor lizard, the wall lizard, the skink and the chameleon. 31 Of all those that move along the ground, these are unclean for you. Whoever touches them when they are dead will be unclean till evening. 32 When one of them dies and falls on something, that article, whatever its use, will be unclean, whether it is made of wood, cloth, hide or sackcloth. Put it in water; it will be unclean till evening, and then it will be clean. 33 If one of them falls into a clay pot, everything in it will be unclean, and you must break the pot. 34 Any food you are allowed to eat that has come into contact with water from any such pot is unclean, and any liquid that is drunk from such a pot is unclean. 35 Anything that one of their carcasses falls on becomes unclean; an oven or cooking pot must be broken up. They are unclean, and you are to regard them as unclean. 36 A spring, however, or a cistern for collecting water remains clean, but anyone who touches one of these carcasses is unclean. 37 If a carcass falls on any seeds that are to be planted, they remain clean. 38 But if water has been put on the seed and a carcass falls on it, it is unclean for you.

39 “‘If an animal that you are allowed to eat dies, anyone who touches its carcass will be unclean till evening. 40 Anyone who eats some of its carcass must wash their clothes, and they will be unclean till evening. Anyone who picks up the carcass must wash their clothes, and they will be unclean till evening.

41 “‘Every creature that moves along the ground is to be regarded as unclean; it is not to be eaten. 42 You are not to eat any creature that moves along the ground, whether it moves on its belly or walks on all fours or on many feet; it is unclean. 43 Do not defile yourselves by any of these creatures. Do not make yourselves unclean by means of them or be made unclean by them. 44 I am the Lord your God; consecrate yourselves and be holy, because I am holy. Do not make yourselves unclean by any creature that moves along the ground. 45 I am the Lord, who brought you up out of Egypt to be your God; therefore be holy, because I am holy.

46 “‘These are the regulations concerning animals, birds, every living thing that moves about in the water and every creature that moves along the ground. 47 You must distinguish between the unclean and the clean, between living creatures that may be eaten and those that may not be eaten.’”

 

Leviticus 12

Purification After Childbirth

12 The Lord said to Moses, 2 “Say to the Israelites: ‘A woman who becomes pregnant and gives birth to a son will be ceremonially unclean for seven days, just as she is unclean during her monthly period. 3 On the eighth day the boy is to be circumcised. 4 Then the woman must wait thirty-three days to be purified from her bleeding. She must not touch anything sacred or go to the sanctuary until the days of her purification are over. 5 If she gives birth to a daughter, for two weeks the woman will be unclean, as during her period. Then she must wait sixty-six days to be purified from her bleeding.

6 “‘When the days of her purification for a son or daughter are over, she is to bring to the priest at the entrance to the tent of meeting a year-old lamb for a burnt offering and a young pigeon or a dove for a sin offering.[a] 7 He shall offer them before the Lord to make atonement for her, and then she will be ceremonially clean from her flow of blood.

“‘These are the regulations for the woman who gives birth to a boy or a girl. 8 But if she cannot afford a lamb, she is to bring two doves or two young pigeons, one for a burnt offering and the other for a sin offering. In this way the priest will make atonement for her, and she will be clean.’”

 

 

Leviticus 13 

Regulations About Defiling Skin Diseases

13 The Lord said to Moses and Aaron, 2 “When anyone has a swelling or a rash or a shiny spot on their skin that may be a defiling skin disease,[a] they must be brought to Aaron the priest or to one of his sons[b] who is a priest. 3 The priest is to examine the sore on the skin, and if the hair in the sore has turned white and the sore appears to be more than skin deep, it is a defiling skin disease. When the priest examines that person, he shall pronounce them ceremonially unclean. 4 If the shiny spot on the skin is white but does not appear to be more than skin deep and the hair in it has not turned white, the priest is to isolate the affected person for seven days. 5 On the seventh day the priest is to examine them, and if he sees that the sore is unchanged and has not spread in the skin, he is to isolate them for another seven days. 6 On the seventh day the priest is to examine them again, and if the sore has faded and has not spread in the skin, the priest shall pronounce them clean; it is only a rash. They must wash their clothes, and they will be clean. 7 But if the rash does spread in their skin after they have shown themselves to the priest to be pronounced clean, they must appear before the priest again. 8 The priest is to examine that person, and if the rash has spread in the skin, he shall pronounce them unclean; it is a defiling skin disease.

9 “When anyone has a defiling skin disease, they must be brought to the priest. 10 The priest is to examine them, and if there is a white swelling in the skin that has turned the hair white and if there is raw flesh in the swelling, 11 it is a chronic skin disease and the priest shall pronounce them unclean. He is not to isolate them, because they are already unclean.

12 “If the disease breaks out all over their skin and, so far as the priest can see, it covers all the skin of the affected person from head to foot, 13 the priest is to examine them, and if the disease has covered their whole body, he shall pronounce them clean. Since it has all turned white, they are clean. 14 But whenever raw flesh appears on them, they will be unclean. 15 When the priest sees the raw flesh, he shall pronounce them unclean. The raw flesh is unclean; they have a defiling disease. 16 If the raw flesh changes and turns white, they must go to the priest. 17 The priest is to examine them, and if the sores have turned white, the priest shall pronounce the affected person clean; then they will be clean.

18 “When someone has a boil on their skin and it heals, 19 and in the place where the boil was, a white swelling or reddish-white spot appears, they must present themselves to the priest. 20 The priest is to examine it, and if it appears to be more than skin deep and the hair in it has turned white, the priest shall pronounce that person unclean. It is a defiling skin disease that has broken out where the boil was. 21 But if, when the priest examines it, there is no white hair in it and it is not more than skin deep and has faded, then the priest is to isolate them for seven days. 22 If it is spreading in the skin, the priest shall pronounce them unclean; it is a defiling disease. 23 But if the spot is unchanged and has not spread, it is only a scar from the boil, and the priest shall pronounce them clean.

24 “When someone has a burn on their skin and a reddish-white or white spot appears in the raw flesh of the burn, 25 the priest is to examine the spot, and if the hair in it has turned white, and it appears to be more than skin deep, it is a defiling disease that has broken out in the burn. The priest shall pronounce them unclean; it is a defiling skin disease. 26 But if the priest examines it and there is no white hair in the spot and if it is not more than skin deep and has faded, then the priest is to isolate them for seven days. 27 On the seventh day the priest is to examine that person, and if it is spreading in the skin, the priest shall pronounce them unclean; it is a defiling skin disease. 28 If, however, the spot is unchanged and has not spread in the skin but has faded, it is a swelling from the burn, and the priest shall pronounce them clean; it is only a scar from the burn.

29 “If a man or woman has a sore on their head or chin, 30 the priest is to examine the sore, and if it appears to be more than skin deep and the hair in it is yellow and thin, the priest shall pronounce them unclean; it is a defiling skin disease on the head or chin. 31 But if, when the priest examines the sore, it does not seem to be more than skin deep and there is no black hair in it, then the priest is to isolate the affected person for seven days. 32 On the seventh day the priest is to examine the sore, and if it has not spread and there is no yellow hair in it and it does not appear to be more than skin deep, 33 then the man or woman must shave themselves, except for the affected area, and the priest is to keep them isolated another seven days. 34 On the seventh day the priest is to examine the sore, and if it has not spread in the skin and appears to be no more than skin deep, the priest shall pronounce them clean. They must wash their clothes, and they will be clean. 35 But if the sore does spread in the skin after they are pronounced clean, 36 the priest is to examine them, and if he finds that the sore has spread in the skin, he does not need to look for yellow hair; they are unclean. 37 If, however, the sore is unchanged so far as the priest can see, and if black hair has grown in it, the affected person is healed. They are clean, and the priest shall pronounce them clean.

38 “When a man or woman has white spots on the skin, 39 the priest is to examine them, and if the spots are dull white, it is a harmless rash that has broken out on the skin; they are clean.

40 “A man who has lost his hair and is bald is clean. 41 If he has lost his hair from the front of his scalp and has a bald forehead, he is clean. 42 But if he has a reddish-white sore on his bald head or forehead, it is a defiling disease breaking out on his head or forehead. 43 The priest is to examine him, and if the swollen sore on his head or forehead is reddish-white like a defiling skin disease, 44 the man is diseased and is unclean. The priest shall pronounce him unclean because of the sore on his head.

45 “Anyone with such a defiling disease must wear torn clothes, let their hair be unkempt,[c] cover the lower part of their face and cry out, ‘Unclean! Unclean!’ 46 As long as they have the disease they remain unclean. They must live alone; they must live outside the camp.